Armenia is notable in the context of digital security for several reasons. It has experienced state-sponsored cyberattacks, including the use of NSO Group’s Pegasus spyware during the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. The geopolitical landscape is further complicated by the involvement of global cyber powers such as Russia, Iran, and Israel, with the latter providing services for Azerbaijan. These nations have been known to actively operate within Armenia, exacerbating the already tense cyber environment.
This report outlines the threats faced by civil society and journalists in Armenia, offering valuable insights for cybersecurity experts. Major technology companies like Google, Microsoft, Meta, and Apple have all issued reports highlighting various cyber-attacks targeting Armenia. These reports underscore the urgent need for enhanced cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive data and infrastructure.